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51.
For phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances (HS) on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate (as P) and 20 mg/L HS (as dissolved organic carbon, DOC) at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium (Ca) and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite (HAP) by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate. 相似文献
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53.
磷酸钙盐法回收剩余污泥超声波处理上清液中磷的研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在污泥减量化处理中,细胞微生物中的碳氮磷等会释放到上清液中。为了对上清液中的磷进行有效回收,在前期研究的基础上,以生物厌氧好氧除磷(An/O)工艺的剩余污泥超声波处理上清液为研究对象,考察了磷酸钙盐(HAP)法的磷回收效果。结果表明:HAP法反应较快,5 min时反应基本完成;初始pH值在8.5~10.0时,回收率均可保持在较高水平;最佳钙磷比(Ca2+/PO34--P)为3.87。在以上最佳工艺条件下,总磷(TP)、正磷酸盐(PO34--P)的回收率分别达到88.4%、94.0%,同时对上清液中的有机物、氮也有一定的去除。 相似文献
54.
采用臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝处理。O3于150 ℃下具有较高的热稳定性,可将NO氧化为高价态氮氧化物,且NO氧化率随n(O3)∶n(NO)的增大而逐渐提高。烟气中SO2和H2O的存在对NO氧化率的影响不大。O3对SO2的氧化率较低,约为5%。3%(w)石灰石浆液对SO2的吸收率接近100%,NOx吸收率随n(O3)∶n(NO)的增大而逐渐提高,当n(O3)∶n(NO)为1.6时NOx吸收率可达约65%。SO2能促进吸收液对NOx的脱除。石灰石浆液中加入0.2%(w)的(NH4)2SO3或Na2SO3后NOx吸收率可达约85%或82%,且吸收率随添加剂加入量的增加而提高,添加(NH4)2SO3的NOx吸收率略高于添加Na2SO3。 相似文献
55.
石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术中石灰石利用率低导致钙流失严重,为实现脱硫废水中Ca2+的资源化利用,进行糠醛渣改性和Ca2+的吸附特性研究。实验结果表明,利用H3PO4改性后的糠醛渣对脱硫废水中Ca2+具有较高的吸附率;在振荡的前30 min吸附率上升极快,至90 min时基本达到平衡吸附量;对Ca2+浓度对吸附率影响研究结果表明,平衡吸附量与平衡浓度关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;在初始Ca2+浓度为300 mg/L的溶液中加入3 g吸附剂,温度30℃条件下振荡90 min,平衡吸附量为8.41 mg/g。 相似文献
56.
Rosborg I Nihlgård B Gerhardsson L Gernersson ML Ohlin R Olsson T 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(3):217-227
This study presents the concentrations of about 50 metals and ions in 33 different brands of bottled waters on the Swedish market. Ten of the brands showed calcium (Ca) concentrations ≤10 mg L−1 and magnesium (Mg) levels <3 mg L−1, implying very soft waters. Three of these waters had in addition low concentrations of sodium (Na; <7 mg L−1), potassium (K; <3 mg L−1) and bicarbonate (HCO3 ≤31 mg L−1). These brands were collected from barren districts. Nine of the brands were collected from limestone regions. They showed increased Ca-levels exceeding 50 mg L−1 with a maximum of 289 mg L−1. Corresponding Mg-levels were also raised in two brands exceeding 90 mg L−1. Two soft and carbonated waters were supplemented with Na2CO3 and NaCl, resulting in high concentrations of Na (644 and 648 mg L−1) and chloride (Cl; 204 and 219 mg L−1). Such waters may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of NaCl in high water consumers. The storage of carbonated drinking water in aluminum (Al) cans increased the Al-concentration to about 70 μg L−1. Conclusion As there was a large variation in the material as regards concentrations of macro-elements such as Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl. Supplementation with salts, e.g., Na2CO3, K2 CO3 and NaCl, can lead to increased concentrations of Na, K and Cl, as well as decreased ratios of Ca/Na and larger ratios of Na/K. Water with high concentrations of e.g., Ca and Mg, may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of these elements in high water consumers. Al cans are less suited for storage of carbonated waters, as the lowered pH-values may dissolve Al. The levels of potentially toxic metals in the studied brands were generally low. 相似文献
57.
58.
原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的几种样品前处理方法的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文比较了原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的三种样品前处理方法:干友化法、1mol/LHCl振荡提取法(振荡法)和1mol/LHCl静止浸泡提取法(浸泡法).结果表明,振荡法和浸泡法对钙的测定结果平均分别为干灰化法的101%和92.0%,对镁的测定结果平均分别为103%和97.6%.振荡法和浸泡法与干灰化法之间不存在显著性差异(α=0.05),它们之间有极显著的正相关性(相关系数在0.99以上).因此,在大批量样品的常规分析中,1mol/LHCl提取法可代替干灰化法. 相似文献
59.
Vincent T. Breslin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(1):9-21
The compostability of starch–CaCO3 disposable packaging was examined in a source-separated municipal solid waste (MSW) composting facility located in East Hampton, NY. Source-separated MSW:starch–CaCO3 container mixtures of 0 (control), 5, and 20% (by volume) were prepared as feedstock for composting. Compost samples were collected weekly or biweekly during the composting process and examined for fragments of the starch–CaCO3 containers. Changes in compost quality due to the presence of starch–CaCO3 containers were assessed by measuring the nutrient and metal content of the three resultant MSW:starch–CaCO3 composts. Finally, plant growth studies were conducted to examine the composts for possible plant growth inhibition due to the deterioration of the starch–CaCO3 containers. Results showed that portions of the starch–CaCO3 containers were not identified in any of the 5 and 20% sieved and characterized compost fractions > 1.3 cm following 1–3 weeks of composting. Mechanical agitation of the waste along with optimum composting conditions were sufficient to initiate the rapid degradation of the starch–CaCO3 composites. Degradation of starch–CaCO3 containers did not affect compost nutrient and trace element content. Grass biomass measurements were performed once weekly over 28 days for grass grown in control (0%), 5%, and 20% starch–CaCO3-containing compost:soil mixtures. Significant differences in grass biomass for these compost:soil mixtures were measured only for the 0 and 20% starch–CaCO3-containing compost:soil mixtures at 28 days (9.07 vs 11.05 g, respectively; P = 0.046). 相似文献
60.
烟气脱硫过程锰催化氧化亚硫酸钙的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用直径280 mm、高320 mm的间歇式搅拌槽,在MnSO4加入浓度为0~0.05 mol/L的情况下,对亚硫酸钙悬浮液进行了催化氧化实验研究.实验结果表明,锰离子的加入会改变亚硫酸钙的氧化机理及氧化过程,表现为终点氧化率和氧化速率的变化.当Mn2 浓度为0.05 mol/L时,亚硫酸钙的终点氧化率比未加入Mn2 时高30%;此外,与非催化反应过程相比,Mn2 的加入能使亚硫酸钙在一个更宽的浓度范围内(0.02~0.073 mol/L)和一个更宽的时间范围内(20~100 min)均保持较高的氧化速率水平. 相似文献